The fatalities were non-Syria militiamen, according to the Britain-based watchdog.
So far, there has been no word from the Syrian or Iraqi authorities.
The reported attack comes amid regional tensions between Iran and the United States.
Pro-Iranian Lebanese television al-Mayadeen, citing an unnamed security source in the area, said Israeli warplanes had carried out the overnight airstrikes.
An Israeli army spokeswoman said: "We are not commenting on reports in foreign media."
Israel has in the past few months carried out similar attacks on pro-Iranian military facilities in war-torn Syria.
Iran and allied militias in both Iraq and Lebanon are the main supporters of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.
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